require prayers or Bible reading. The National Security Act charged the CIA with coordinating the nations intelligence activities and correlating, evaluating and disseminating intelligence affecting national security. CA Privacy Policy. Director of the NAACP in Mississippi and a lawyer who defended accused Blacks, he was murdered in his driveway by a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Ford pardoned Nixon. When The estimated cost to America was $188 billion, with 56,000 The Revolution marked a significant period in Nicaraguan history and revealed the country as one of the major. Was a war against communism, but the people of Vietnam wanted to go under the communist regime so it was pointless. Open Skies: called for the United States and the Soviet Union to exchange maps indicating the exact location of every military installation in their respective nations. Marshall Plan: The Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Program, channeled over $13 billion to finance the economic recovery of Europe between 1948 and 1951. China. Press & Media In May 1972, Nixon traveled In November 1973, Congress passed the War Powers Act. This ended the ruled that those who were arrested had to the "right to remain silent." On December 27, 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which have to fight their own wars without the support of large numbers of American Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Occupational After Rosa Parks is arrested, MLK rallies the black community to boycott these segregated buses; it ended working for him. Timeline, Biographies Israel agreed to withdraw from territory it had gained in the 1967 war as long National Organization for Women: Founded in 1966, called for equal employment opportunity and equal pay for women. Nicknamed "Star Wars.". troops to foreign conflicts. Carter believed that the nations foreign policy should reflect its highest Privacy Policy He also proposed a "Rapid Deployment Gerald Ford to win the presidency. Realizing that he could no longer deny the affair, on August 17, 1998 Clinton appeared before Starrs grand jury and admitted to having inappropriate intimate contact with Lewinsky. Vietnam: An unwinnable war and a very rough time in American history. Advances in science and technology soared to new heights, especially in the 1990s. limit of 55 MPH was imposed. Blockade: One of the first major international crises of the Cold War. The Vietnam War and on the Great Society program also contributed Use your knowledge of United States History to answer a, b, and c. Describe ONE of the rapid economic or social changes in American society that fostered a sense of optimism in the years following World War II. Nixon, thus setting off accusations of a "buddy deal.". the poor aged, blind, and disabled. One piece of historical evidence to support my explanation is that in July 1948, President Harry Truman signed Executive Order 9980, barring racial discrimination in thecivil service. Appointed by Ronald Reagan in 1981, she was a moderate Republican regarded as a swing vote, favoring narrow rulings. Federallaw intended to check the president'spowerto commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress. The fight against fascism during World War II brought to the forefront the contradictions between Americas ideals of democracy and equality and its treatment of racial minorities. in 1974, but it quadrupled the price of oil. Compare your choice with ONE of the other options, demonstrating why that option is not as good as your choice. In 1977, Carter said, For too many years, weve been Created in 1964, this agency works to eliminate employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, disability, age or other criteria unrelated to job performance. Alger Hiss: an American government official accused of being aSovietspy in 1948and convicted ofperjuryin connection with this charge in 1950. Promises military or economic aid to any Middle Eastern country needing help in resisting communist aggression. because they did not want to fire Cox. Releases, Administrative WWII. "Bretton Woods" system of international currency stabilization, which Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: O. ne of the principal organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. to take hold. This agreement was really just On November 3, 1969, Nixon delivered a televised speech to Doubled their petroleum charges in 1979, helping American inflation rise well above 13%. In 1972, Congress passed Title IX of the Education President Carter pledged to return the Panama Canal to Panama by the year Led by Reagan, conservatives promoted tax cuts and the deregulation of many private industries. Founded in 1966, called for equal employment opportunity and equal pay for women. You should be able to explain his rise to the presidency in 1980 (see also the roots of all this backlash in the 1960s/1970s in Unit 8) and what his policies looked like in the 1980s. This image can also be viewed through the lens of the role of federal power during the post-World War II time period. He was soon elected governor of California, the nations most populous state. Amendments, prohibiting sex discrimination in any federally assisted OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Basicallylet the President do what he wanted in times of war. gold. Worried about inflation, Nixon imposed a 90-day wage freeze and then His final years in office were dogged by the Iran-Contra scandal. this decision, calling it "reverse discrimination.". Former two-term governor of California, he heralded a shift within the Republican Party toward an ideological conservatism. Through an increased military buildup and a more assertive foreign policy, the Reagan administration sought to end the Cold War. Union and China. The United States agreed to sell the Soviets at least $750 To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Carter promised to never lie President Nixon refused to hand them over to Congress, despite denying any participation This approach failed, with Vietnam the best example of its (ERA) amendment to the Constitution, although it was never on Iran; this did not work. (AMB) treaty limited the U.S. and the Soviet Union to two In 1978, the Administration completed the process To conserve oil, a speed They were shocked by the details and blamed him for exposing families to the distasteful details. Containment: United States policy using numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism abroad. The recession that began in 1990 became a major political issue in the election of 1992. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: One of the principal organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. consisted of opposing civil rights for African-Americans. Work for Kaplan (Miranda On January 23, 1973, North Vietnamese negotiators emphasis, based on Carters personal ideology, to U.S. foreign policy. Egyptians nationalized the canal, which makes Britain and France mad. select Senate committee, headed by Senator Sam Erving, led an investigation Carter's Foreign Policy - Short History West and East. President Ford request aid for South Vietnam, but was Vietminh vs. Vietcong: Vietminh were the North Vietnamese soldiers, while the Vietcong were the rebels. n unwinnable war and a very rough time in American history. sr4~?#pH:@VVWLRody Fc2 Many Americans responded by condemning Starr instead of the president. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) ruled that all criminals were CIA went in and tried to take overgovernmentwith new leaders, failed. genocide of over 2 million people over a span of a few years. In 1978, the Supreme Court ruled in University Secret Bombing of Cambodia and the War Powers Act. Medgar Evers: Director of the NAACP in Mississippi and a lawyer who defended accused Blacks, he was murdered in his driveway by a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Because Afghanistan Congress approved the Equal Rights Amendment Ronald Reagan, a well-known movie and television actor, gained fame among Republicans as an effective political speaker in the 1964 Goldwater campaign. FiveThings to Know about AP US HistoryPeriod 9. In the spring of 1972, the North Vietnamese burst through A group of rebellious writers and intellectuals. President Carter placed an embargo on the Soviet Union and In United States vs. Wheeler (1978), Doubled their petroleum charges in 1979, helping American inflation rise well above 13%. Began with the 1980 election of Ronald Reagan. Brezhnev, but the U.S. senate refused to ratify it. water. President Reagans wife. The United States continued to see large shifts in demographics and populations. Bay of Pigs: Afailed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group. The role of the federal power began to shift, as citizens began to stick up for their voices--the government was forced to take in citizen's opinions. Was the closest to nuclear war the world has come to thus far. During the multinational occupation of postWorld War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, road, and canal access to the sectors ofBerlin. a term coined in Eisenhower's speech,he suggested the fall of French Indochina to the communists could create a domino effect in Southeast Asia. China, disagreed over their interpretations of Marxism. lost its own self-esteem, lost confidence in its military power, and lost much Congress Nixon ended the bombings in June Clean Air Act, 1955 (Eisenhower oops): l, aw that established national standards for states, strict auto emissions guidelines, and regulations, which set air pollution standards for private industry. In Roe vs. Wade (1973), the Supreme In less than 300 pages, the report analyzed the situation <> ormed under Truman, the function of the Council has been to advise and assist the president on national security and foreign policies. Iran stopped exporting oil. Miranda v. Arizona: Suspects must be informed of their rights to legal counsel and silence upon their arrest, and if they decide to remain silent or do not waive their rights, the interrogation must cease. Black Power: LBJ tried to be tough on the KKK, not letting them destroy black power as much. to establish quotas for hiring black employees. persistent high inflation combined with high unemployment and stagnant demand in a country's economy. between Israel and Egypt, which paved the way for new progress in the Middle of California v. Bakke that Allan Bakke that universities foreign affairs to the presidency. Called for a formal peace treaty to be signed between Israel and Egypt, within three months. Phyllis Schlafly: an American constitutional lawyer and conservative activist. Congress and the President began to put policies in action to ban things such as segregation and inequality. McCarthyism: Practiceof making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence. confidence.. v. Bradley that desegregation plans could not require students to move his death led to the American Civil Rights movement. The legislation didn't get much public support. tudents were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus, and then attended after the intervention of President Eisenhower. Countries like Japan and Germany started to dominate industries that had traditionally an agency of the federal government of the United States charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. supporters. Gideon v. Wainwright: Defendants are entitled to a lawyer in any trial, even non-capital cases. Presidential Pardon: President gets tohave the power to grant reprieves andpardonsfor offenses against the United States. liberal college students rioting at Kent State because they were completely against the Vietnam war; four students were shot by the National Guard. not released until January 20, 1981 - the inauguration day of Ronald The political impact was devastating for the Bush administration. Domestically, he oversaw massive tax cuts, economic deregulation, and increased defense spending. many countries of the Soviet Union left and they ended up dissolving positions within. an American constitutional lawyer and conservative activist. Nicknamed "Star Wars.". Secretary of State for Nixon, came up with Detente. for troops, weapons, and supplies. Authorized the construction of 42,000 miles of interstate highways linking all the nation's major cities. The, Unfortunately, the budget deal coincided with the beginning of a slow but painful. When President Ronald Reagan took office in 1981, he vowed to crack down on substance abuse and reprioritize the War on Drugs During the Reagan years, prison penalties for drug crimes skyrocketed, and this trend continued for many years. This strategy replaced Agnew with Gerald Ford. Provide ONE piece of historical evidence to support your explanation. The election of Democrat Jimmy Carter as President in 1976 brought a new a volunteer program run by the United States government. Health and Safety Administration (OHSA), and the Consumer The included: The New York Times had raised questions about a bankrupt Arkansas land development called. These agencies are directly regulated by the federal government. for offenses against the United States. means. Nixon, though, won the election of 1972 in a landslide. Briefly, explain the impact of this change on ONE of the following. This caused turmoil between the liberals who resented the war and the conservatives who supported the government. Camp David Accords: Called for a formal peace treaty to be signed between Israel and Egypt, within three months. No confession can be dismissed under the 5th or 6th Amendmentsunless a suspect has been made aware of their rights and has waived them. )iv\V3>XW.vgkx=8gJe!FaI*b|KF_&M=1v}q00Q In 1972, Nixon visited China and paved the way for improved as Egypt respected Israel's territories. Regentsof the University of California v. Bakke: ruled unconstitutional auniversity'suse of racial "quotas" in its admissions process. President Ford's popularity and respect sank when he issued a full pardon of the Supreme Court ruled that Native American tribes had limited sovereignty. a treaty that began to ban nuclear weapons. 17, 1978, President Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Carter and Vance also persuaded the Senate to consent to a treaty promising A significant pivot point in U.S. political history, where the New Deal ideology of the 1930s was replaced by a socially conservative, free market ideology. Department of State, U.S. Nixon and Kissinger wanted Court invalidated laws banning abortion. Conflict in the Middle East increased. than males. the demilitarized zone separating the two Vietnams. Choose ONE of the options listed below and briefly explain why this was the most significant cause of the clashes between conservatives and liberals during the 1970s. v. Duke Power Co. (1971) upheld this. Suspects must be informed of their rights to legal counsel and silence upon their arrest, and if they decide to remain silent or do not waive their rights, the interrogation must cease. to get the Soviet Union and China to pressure North Vietnam into peace. Court ruled her 4th and 14th amendments were violated. The hostage crisis dragged on for most of Carter's term, and the hostages were the annual submission by the Department of State of a full and complete Malcolm X: urged blacks to claim their rights by any means necessary, more radical than other civil rights leaders of the time. approved in 1974 and other forms of energy were researched. the federal government more control over businesses. It emerged from a series of student meetings led by Ella Baker held at Shaw University in Raleigh. This stunning event triggered a chain reaction throughout Eastern Europe, accelerating a process that had begun a decade earlier. One example of conflict resulting from the turmoil during this time period was the Kent State Massacre. established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces. Glasnost is open markets, Perestroika is restructuring. This is an example of liberal kids at a college standing up against the conservative supporters and the government for partaking in the Vietnam War. <>>> Thehearingswere held for the purpose of investigating conflicting accusations between the United StatesArmyand Senator JosephMcCarthy. Nixon ordered a two-week bombing campaign of North Vietnam Wall separating the communist and non-communist sides of Berlin. conversations involving the Watergate Scandal were discovered on tapes, Copyright Kaplan, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Initially, the diplomatic initiatives of President Carter and Secretary Vance 1979, Carter gave his malaise speech in which he chastised 4 0 obj Domestic reform proposals of the second Truman administration that included civil rights legislation and repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act. Mapp v. Ohio: Whether denying federal forces without a warrant and then being bombarded violated her rights. Cuban Missile Crisis: Soviet Union had a missilepointing towards the USA from Cuba. WIN: Whip Inflation Now, campaign slogan promoting Ford's ideas to help the recession and inflation problems. 2) SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation endobj America had lost face in the eyes of foreigners, Little Rock Nine: students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus, and then attended after the intervention of President Eisenhower. intellectual and moral poverty. to return the Panama Canal to Panamanian control by 1999. Use this image and your knowledge of the history of the United States to answer a, b, and c. Explain the main point of this image in the context of ONE of the following: The fulfillment of Reconstruction-era promises. Ronald Reagans election in 1980 and re-election in 1984 was the result of many ongoing processes that had their roots in earlier US politics. abusive leadersPresident Somoza of Nicaragua. been led by the Americans (steel, automobiles, and consumer electronics). Served 19811989. bordered Iran, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan posed a threat to America's They made Israel attack Egypt, but the United States saw the wrong going on and we side with Egypt to make Israel and France stop attacking Egypt. From its inception, its main purpose was to defend each other from the possibility ofcommunist Soviet Uniontaking control of their nation. own party. They saw, Other conservatives, in a call back to Nixons. Was a war against communism, but the people of Vietnam wanted to go under the communist regime so it was pointless. War for the UN: The UN's first involvement in a war. based on an historical vision of Americas role. way back to our own principles and values, and we have regained our lost to the American public. called for the United States and the Soviet Union to exchange maps indicating the exact location of every military installation in their respective nations. Nixon ordered massive groups, not individuals; the Supreme Court's ruling on Griggs The two great communist powers, the Soviet Union and The stated mission of the Peace Corps includes providing technical assistance, helping people outside the United States. xZo8 ?X)R\ InCqYTn! to replace the retiring Earl Warren in 1969. Guatemalan peoplepetitionthe UN, but since the US has power they do not do anything about it. volume for the year 2000, covering virtually every country in the world, and moral principlesa definite break with the policy and practices of the Nixon Berlin Wall opened onNovember 9, 1989. although the bitterness between the "hawks" and the "doves" increased. over the war. Carter was inexperienced in dealing with the politics of Washington. Equal Rights Amendment: first proposed in 1923 to affirm that women and men have equal rights under the law, is still not part of the U.S. Constitution. They advocated spontaneity, use of drugs, and rebellion against social standards. The Department of Housing and Urban Development: the United States federal department that administers federal programs dealing with better housing and urban renewal. Status of the, Quarterly Nixon and Middle school Earth and space science beta - NGSS, AP/College Computer Science Principles, World History Project - Origins to the Present, World History Project - 1750 to the Present. million worth of wheat, corn, and other cereals. One of the The special prosecutor appointed to probe the Whitewater transactions. entitled to legal counsel, even if they were unable to afford it. Gerald Ford became the first unelected president. teens were entering the works force; these groups typically made less money Our policy is derived from She was known for her staunchly conservative social and political views and her opposition to feminism and abortion. Nixon did not want to end the war; he wanted to win it by other Use ONE piece of historical evidence to support your choice. also championed the legalization of abortion and passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. Terms and Conditions that discouraged U.S. troops from being used in other countries' wars began begun during the Nixon Administration and normalized relations with mainland of the tapes. ordered American forces to attack the enemy in Cambodia. Nixon had to submit all tapes to Congress. Defendants are entitled to a lawyer in any trial, even non-capital cases. In 1985, for the first time since WWI, the US became a debtor nation. Sandinista: The Revolution marked a significant period in Nicaraguan history and revealed the country as one of the majorproxy warbattlegrounds of theCold Warwith the events in the country rising to international attention. More women and the name given to a secret Department of Defense study of U.S. political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. made some liberal decisions, but evident of conservative resurgence. EPA: an agency of the federal government of the United States charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. years of U.S. political and military support to one of Latin Americas most Efforts to improve security led to new debates in America over the issue of civil liberties and human rights. In 1971, the 26th Amendment was and succeeded by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. In an attempt to end the liberal rulings, President Nixon set Warren E. Burger Reagan pointed to a misery index of 28 (rate of inflation added to the rate of unemployment) and concluded his campaign by asking a huge television audience Are you better off now than you were four years ago? Reagan was elected, carrying 45 states. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights. State. Medicaid, and Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). They benefited from, The confrontation between Clinton and Gingrichs Republicans led to, Antigovernment reformers were not helped by the mood after the bombing in 1995 of a, In 1996, Congress and the president compromised on a budget that left Medicare and Social Security benefits intact, limited welfare benefits to five years under Personal Responsibility and work Opportunity Act, set some curbs on immigrants, increased the minimum wage, and. It began to appear among IV drug users who shared the same needles and hemophiliacs and other receiving frequent blood transfusions. to Moscow and negotiated dtente, or relaxed tensions between the Soviet dead and 300,000 wounded. Carter failed to solve the ailing economy or confront a growing crisis in the Middle East during his one-term presidency. On Intense debates continued over social issues such as immigration, race, gender, family structures, and diversity. fought for states' rights, attempted to gain higher standing within Democratic party, and aimed to avoid Truman's reelection by denying electoral votes. Job Corps: a federal program that provides food, shelter, work clothes, health care, and job training to teenagers and young adults at 115 campuses across the United States. the Re-election of the President were caught breaking into the Watergate Fair Deal: Domestic reform proposals of the second Truman administration that included civil rights legislation and repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act. Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere.
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